AWS DevOps Interview Questions

AWS DevOps Interview Questions

Description: 

AWS interview questions for DevOps are designed to test your knowledge of the topic as well as to test your ability to use the knowledge in the workplace. The interview questions on AWS DevOps will cover the three major areas of every interview, namely, knowledge, skill and scenarios. The Amazon DevOps interview questions are the best way to prepare yourself so that you have an advantage over your competitors.

Introduction of AWS DevOps Interview Questions:

AWS DevOps is increasingly becoming the standard for software development worldwide. There is a high demand for people with excellent DevOps engineer skills, and there is high competition too. Going through and preparing the answers for as many AWS DevOps interview questions as you can find is your best bet at acing the interview process.

Overview of AWS DevOps Interview Questions:

Combine one of the most powerful computing technologies with one of the most resilient methodology, and you get AWS DevOps. Implementing DevOps using AWS is either the practice or is currently in the works for most of the major companies in the software industry.

There is also a high demand for familiar DevOps culture and can perform continuous integration on AWS. The demand is also matched by the vast number of people with AWS DevOps engineer skills. 

AWS DevOps Interview Questions and Answers

The AWS DevOps interview questions and answers are categorized as domain-based, skill-based and scenario-based to help you prepare for your interview in a structured manner and impress the interviewer with your DevOps engineer skills.

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Domain-Based AWS Interview Questions for DevOps

These AWS DevOps interview questions test your knowledge of the subject matter. 

1) What is AWS in DevOps, and what is the role of AWS in DevOps?

AWS or Amazon Web Services is Amazon's cloud services platform. AWS DevOps are a set of tools provided by AWS that lets organizations carry out the DevOps practices such as automating manual tasks, manage complex environments, deliver quick results. 

Here is how AWS fits into the DevOps scenario.

• It provides flexible services that can be used without any additional software. 
• It lets users scale easily. 
• It can help automate many manual tasks. 
• It lets you create a secure environment using the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to manage who gets access to what.  
• It gives you access to a large partner ecosystem that can extend and enhance the capabilities of the AWS services.

2) What is AWS Lambda in AWS DevOps?

AWS Lambda is a compute service that automatically manages the servers needed to run your code. It performs the administrative tasks that provision servers depending on the demand for the computing power. With AWS Lambda, you only have to pay for the compute power that you used as opposed to paying for a fixed compute power. Not only is it more cost-effective, but it also ensures that you always have the computing power needed to run any type of application.

3) What are CodeBuild, CodeDeploy, and CodePipeline in AWS DevOps?

These are various services offered by AWS to aid the DevOps culture.

CodeBuild

CodeBuild is a fully managed build service that helps you compile, test and produce software packages that are ready to be deployed. It ensures that all the servers are scaled as per your requirement and frees you up from handling these tasks. The builds are handled parallelly and thereby reducing the chances of a build waiting in a queue.

CodeDeploy

CodeDeploy automates the code deployment process and ensures that you can release new builds swiftly. It can help you handle all the complexities associated with the deployment and prevents application downtime.

CodePipeline

Coe Pipeline helps you create a CI/CD pipeline. It can handle the building, testing and deploying of builds based on the release protocols defined by the user. 

4) What is the role of Amazon ECS in AWS DevOps?

Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) is a container management service provided by AWS. It is easy to use and scales as per your requirements. It can also integrate with other AWS services such as Secrets Manager, Amazon Route 53, AWS Identity and Access Management, and Amazon CloudWatch to create the perfect environment for deploying containerised applications. You can also integrate Amazon ECS with Docker containers. 

5) What are Microservices in AWS DevOps?

Microservices is an architecture used for software development. It relies on breaking down the software into smaller services that are independent of each other. The services communicate using APIs. It reduces the application development time and makes it easier to scale the application, thereby fitting right into the DevOps methodology.

Microservices fosters agility, easy deployment, scaling, resilience, code reusability and technological freedom.

6) What is the meaning of hybrid cloud in AWS DevOps?

Hybrid clouds are a combination of both private and public clouds on AWS. You can create a hybrid cloud by using a VPN tunnel between the on-premise network and the cloud. It gives you the freedom to let your applications reside where they need to be due to various constraints rather than forcing everything to shift to the cloud.

Skill-Based AWS Interview Questions for DevOps

Skill-based AWS DevOps interview questions are designed to test if you have DevOps engineer skills. 

7)How is CodeBuild used to automate the release process?

Here is how you can use AWS CodeBuild to automate the release process.

• Start by creating a Personal Access Token in GitHub for users using AWS CloudFormation.
• Create an Amazon S3 bucket that will store the artefacts that have been built.
• Use AWS IAM to decide specific permission to users for AWS CodePipeline and AWS CodeBuild.
• Permit Kubernetes for AWS CodeBuild's AWS IAM role so that it can apply the changes to the cluster.
• Create your buildspec.yml file. This file is used by CodeBuild to build the code.
• Create the AWS CodeBuild projects as per your requirements.
• Use AWS CodePipeline to implement the CI/CD pipeline.
• Test the entire process and make the changes needed to ensure the process is running smoothly.  

8) What is the difference between AWS CloudFormation and AWS Elastic Beanstalk? 

The AWS Elastic Beanstalk provides an environment where you can deploy and run applications in the cloud with ease. It is a one-stop solution to manage the entire lifecycle of the application. You can integrate it with other developer tools if needed.

AWS CloudFormation treats infrastructure as a code to provision and manages resources throughout the application lifecycle. Developers will have to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk more, whereas the AWS CloudFormation will be used more by systems engineers. 

9) How will you implement IaC using AWS?

Iac or Infrastructure as code lets developers write, test and maintain infrastructure entities in a JSON or YAML format, thereby making the deployment process easier. It also lets developers deploy infrastructure changes faster.

You will start by defining permission using AWS IAM and then proceed to verify if the relevant resource types have the account limits needed to participate in the stack. You should try to reuse templates as much as possible and use nested stacks. Also, make sure that you have validated and tested all your stacks before committing it.

10) Is it possible to share a single instance of Memcache between multiple projects?

You can share a single instance of Memcache with multiple projects. Memcache is a storage space in the memory that can be shared by different projects.

11) How will you run Kubernetes on AWS?

There are three approaches to implement Kubernetes on AWS.

• If you want to have complete control over your Kubernetes deployment, then you should consider using Amazon EC2.
• If you are looking for an automatically managed and provisioned Kubernetes control plane, then you can use Amazon EKS.
• You can use Amazon ECR to store, manage and encrypt container images to make deployments faster. 

12)How will you decide whether to use an Application Load balancer or a Classic Load Balancer?

A load balancer lets the developers direct user traffic to various apps on the AWS cloud. Classic Load Balancer is similar to a traditional load balancer, with the difference being that instead of physical hardware, it is now dealing with virtual devices. An Application Load Balancer directs the traffic to the right type of resource by identifying the incoming traffic.

• CLB supports EC2 Classic, whereas ALB does not.
• CLB automatically detects unhealthy instances, whereas you need to specify the healthy HTTP response codes for ALB.
• ALB only supports the load balancer generated cookies, whereas CLB supports custom cookies as well.
• Backend Server Authentication, Deletion Protection and Path-Based Routing are only supported by ALB.
• While using CLB, the user has to enable cross-zone load balancing. ALB can automatically scale depending on the incoming requests.

Scenario-Based AWS Interview Questions for DevOps

The scenario-based AWS DevOps interview questions are specifically designed to test how you will apply your knowledge in real-life scenarios.  

13) How do I transfer my existing domain name registration to Amazon Route 53 without disrupting my existing web traffic?

Here are the steps to transfer the existing domain name registration to Amazon Route 53 without disrupting existing web traffic.

• Get a list of DNS record data for the domain name from the zone file with the DNS provider.
• Create a hosted cone to store the DNS records using AWS Route 53's management console.
• Follow the transfer process of the console.
• Update the domain name in the nameservers to the new name of the hosted zone.
• Contact the registrar of the domain name and follow the transfer process dictated by them.

14) How will you deal with the challenges that arise while creating DevOps pipelines?

Creating a DevOps pipeline is a regular part of the job, and AWS interview questions for DevOps like this one test help you to be aware of the challenges and how you will deal with them.

The most common challenges that arise while creating a DevOps pipeline have to do with data migration and the addition of new features.

You can use a feature flag to deal with the addition of new features and to manage incremental product releases within the continuous integration environment. 

For challenges related to data migration, you can use migration tools that let you roll back in case there are any problems. It will prevent the system from becoming unstable. You can also use a Docker-based application to build an isolated production mirror for each deployment.

15) How will you automate with AWS Cloud Management Tools?

You should start by automating the building and deploying of applications. For this, you can use AWS CodePipeline. You can even use Jenkins, but using AWS CodePipeline might be more efficient. 

An automatic build-test-release-deploy pipeline will enable all team members to deploy code. It will save a significant amount of time that otherwise would have been used for this process. It also speeds up the deployment activity.  

You can also use AWS services to automate development workflows, test workflows, configuration management and container management. 

16) How will you ensure AWS Cloud Security?

Security concerns are always a major pain point for software companies. Thankfully, AWS provides various security measures to ensure all your data is safe and secure. 

AWS provides DDoS protection, WAF, System Manager, Inspection, Config Rules, and Trusted Advisor to protect your cloud.

You can use AWS CloudTrail to track the history of AWS API calls. It facilitates resource tracking, security analysis and ensures compliance with the AWS environment.

You can also use AWS Config to enhance security and check vulnerabilities. AWS Config creates an inventory that tracks configuration history change notifications and the relationship between various AWS resources. You can configure an SNS notification to be sent whenever a change in the AWS resource is detected. 

17) You feel that the engineers are spending too much time searching the database. How will you rectify the situation using AWS DevOps?

There are various Amazon services that you can use to search the database, such as AWS ElasticSearch and RDS. Amazon Elastic Search lets you perform log analytics, application monitoring, full-text search and much more. The RDS can be used to set up, operate and scale relational database on the cloud.